Vitamin A Sources: Retinol vs Beta-Carotene Bioavailability (USDA FDC Data 2026)
USDA FoodData Central reports vitamin A in four separate columns for a reason. Retinol from animal foods is used directly; carotenoids from plant foods convert at roughly 12 to 1. This guide pulls live FDC values for nine common foods and explains RAE versus IU, bioavailability factors, and the toxicity gap between preformed vitamin A and beta-carotene, with citations to NIH ODS, WHO, Harvard, Mayo Clinic, and the IOM.